Data / Presidential elections
1988
France voted.
1988 French presidential election results
01Round 1
How it works ＋
A national presidential vote
A candidate needs an absolute majority of valid candidate votes to win in the first round. Otherwise the leading two candidates may contest a runoff two weeks later. This is not a party primary.
Who could run in 1988?
The minimum candidacy age was 23. Candidates had to be French and meet the voting-rights and eligibility requirements then in force. Party membership was not required.
Ballot access required 500 endorsements from authorized elected officials across at least 30 departments or equivalent territories. No more than 50 of the required endorsements could come from one territory. These were not signatures from ordinary voters.
The Constitutional Council checked the candidate list and election results. Disclosure and administrative requirements have changed over time; current forms should not be projected unchanged onto a historical election.
24 April 1988
What do shares of registered voters mean?
The usual share divides a candidate’s votes by valid candidate votes. Registered-voter mode divides that same count by everyone registered, including abstainers and people casting a vote blanc or an invalid ballot.
Example: 30 out of 60 valid votes is 50%. If 100 people were registered, those same 30 votes are 30% of the electorate. The count and legal outcome are unchanged.
Click a candidate row or bar to open context. All bars use a 0–100% scale. Candidate percentages use valid candidate votes.
François MitterrandParti socialisteQualified for runoff34.11%10,381,322 votesExplore ＋
François Mitterrand
Historical ticket: Parti socialiste.
Names, continuity and current identity
PS succeeded SFIO in 1969. Mitterrand’s 1974 candidacy had broader Union of the Left support. Candidate totals cannot be separated into the votes of each supporting party. The 1965 Mitterrand entry is a CIR-led candidacy backed by SFIO and PCF, not a result for a PS organization that did not yet exist. Party history reference ↗
Party identity: Parti socialiste / SFIO predecessor. The source tables below preserve each historical ticket; a lineage is not a claim that all these organizations were identical.
No active same-person 2027 profile is linked here. This does not imply that the party has no 2027 contender.
Earlier direct presidential elections (up to five)
This table includes up to five earlier direct elections of the Fifth Republic, and fewer when fewer had occurred. 1958’s indirect electoral-college election is documented separately ↗
Newest first, within the Fifth Republic. Shared endorsements are labelled, never treated as separate party votes. “No separate entry” is not a 0% result.
| Year | Candidate / contemporary label | Round 1 | Runoff |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1981 ↗ | François Mitterrand · Parti socialiste | 25.85% | 51.76% |
| 1974 ↗ | François Mitterrand · Parti socialiste, shared Union of the Left candidate | 43.25% | 49.19% |
| 1969 ↗ | Gaston Defferre · Section française de l’Internationale ouvrière | 5.01% | Not in runoff |
| 1965 ↗ | François Mitterrand · Convention des institutions républicaines, backed by SFIO and PCF | 31.72% | 44.80% |
Historical first-round and runoff shares use valid candidate votes. Broad predecessors and family comparisons are explicitly named. For PS and UMP/LR, the successive percentages document the change without assigning causes or making editorial judgments.
Jacques ChiracRassemblement pour la RépubliqueQualified for runoff19.96%6,075,160 votesExplore ＋
Jacques Chirac
Historical ticket: Rassemblement pour la République.
Names, continuity and current identity
UMP was renamed Les Républicains in 2015. UMP was formed in 2002 from RPR and other organizations: earlier RPR and UDR entries are predecessor-lineage comparisons, not an unchanged party. The earlier Gaullist series also includes UNR–UDT in 1965 and UNR support in 1958. These are labelled predecessor organizations, not LR under its present name. Rival RPR members Chirac and Balladur are listed separately in 1995, never added together. Party history reference ↗
Party identity: Les Républicains / UMP / RPR / UDR. The source tables below preserve each historical ticket; a lineage is not a claim that all these organizations were identical.
No active same-person 2027 profile is linked here. This does not imply that the party has no 2027 contender.
Earlier direct presidential elections (up to five)
This table includes up to five earlier direct elections of the Fifth Republic, and fewer when fewer had occurred. 1958’s indirect electoral-college election is documented separately ↗
Newest first, within the Fifth Republic. Shared endorsements are labelled, never treated as separate party votes. “No separate entry” is not a 0% result.
| Year | Candidate / contemporary label | Round 1 | Runoff |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1981 ↗ | Jacques Chirac · Rassemblement pour la République | 18.00% | Not in runoff |
| 1974 ↗ | Jacques Chaban-Delmas · Union des démocrates pour la République | 15.11% | Not in runoff |
| 1969 ↗ | Georges Pompidou · Union des démocrates pour la République | 44.47% | 58.21% |
| 1965 ↗ | Charles de Gaulle · Gaullist candidacy, supported by UNR–UDT | 44.65% | 55.20% |
Historical first-round and runoff shares use valid candidate votes. Broad predecessors and family comparisons are explicitly named. For PS and UMP/LR, the successive percentages document the change without assigning causes or making editorial judgments.
Raymond BarreUnion pour la démocratie française16.54%5,035,144 votesExplore ＋
Raymond Barre
Historical ticket: Union pour la démocratie française.
Names, continuity and current identity
Bayrou ran under UDF in 2002 and 2007 and MoDem in 2012. Giscard’s earlier Independent Republicans and Poher’s Centre démocrate are centrist-family comparisons, not MoDem results. The 1965 Lecanuet entry belongs to MRP. MRP, Centre démocrate, Independent Republicans, UDF and MoDem entries are labelled centrist-family comparisons, not an unchanged single party. Party history reference ↗
Party identity: MoDem / UDF centrist comparison. The source tables below preserve each historical ticket; a lineage is not a claim that all these organizations were identical.
No active same-person 2027 profile is linked here. This does not imply that the party has no 2027 contender.
Earlier direct presidential elections (up to five)
This table includes up to five earlier direct elections of the Fifth Republic, and fewer when fewer had occurred. 1958’s indirect electoral-college election is documented separately ↗
Newest first, within the Fifth Republic. Shared endorsements are labelled, never treated as separate party votes. “No separate entry” is not a 0% result.
| Year | Candidate / contemporary label | Round 1 | Runoff |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1981 ↗ | Valéry Giscard d’Estaing · Union pour la démocratie française | 28.32% | 48.24% |
| 1974 ↗ | Valéry Giscard d’Estaing · Républicains indépendants, centrist-family comparison | 32.60% | 50.81% |
| 1969 ↗ | Alain Poher · Centre démocrate, independent centrist candidacy | 23.31% | 41.79% |
| 1965 ↗ | Jean Lecanuet · Mouvement républicain populaire | 15.57% | Not in runoff |
Historical first-round and runoff shares use valid candidate votes. Broad predecessors and family comparisons are explicitly named. For PS and UMP/LR, the successive percentages document the change without assigning causes or making editorial judgments.
Jean-Marie Le PenFront national14.38%4,376,742 votesExplore ＋
Jean-Marie Le Pen
Historical ticket: Front national.
Names, continuity and current identity
Front national was renamed Rassemblement national in 2018. These are the same party across a change of name. Party history reference ↗
Party identity: Rassemblement national (formerly FN). The source tables below preserve each historical ticket; a lineage is not a claim that all these organizations were identical.
No active same-person 2027 profile is linked here. This does not imply that the party has no 2027 contender.
Earlier direct presidential elections (up to five)
This table includes up to five earlier direct elections of the Fifth Republic, and fewer when fewer had occurred. 1958’s indirect electoral-college election is documented separately ↗
Newest first, within the Fifth Republic. Shared endorsements are labelled, never treated as separate party votes. “No separate entry” is not a 0% result.
| Year | Candidate / contemporary label | Round 1 | Runoff |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1981 ↗ | No separate entry in this party/lineage series | — | — |
| 1974 ↗ | Jean-Marie Le Pen · Front national | 0.75% | Not in runoff |
| 1969 ↗ | No separate entry in this party/lineage series | — | — |
| 1965 ↗ | No separate entry in this party/lineage series | — | — |
Historical first-round and runoff shares use valid candidate votes. Broad predecessors and family comparisons are explicitly named. For PS and UMP/LR, the successive percentages document the change without assigning causes or making editorial judgments.
André LajoinieParti communiste français6.76%2,056,261 votesExplore ＋
André Lajoinie
Historical ticket: Parti communiste français.
Names, continuity and current identity
PCF is a separate party. It backed Mitterrand in 1974 and Mélenchon in 2012 and 2017. Shared candidates’ totals are not separately measurable PCF vote totals. Party history reference ↗
Party identity: Parti communiste français. The source tables below preserve each historical ticket; a lineage is not a claim that all these organizations were identical.
No active same-person 2027 profile is linked here. This does not imply that the party has no 2027 contender.
Earlier direct presidential elections (up to five)
This table includes up to five earlier direct elections of the Fifth Republic, and fewer when fewer had occurred. 1958’s indirect electoral-college election is documented separately ↗
Newest first, within the Fifth Republic. Shared endorsements are labelled, never treated as separate party votes. “No separate entry” is not a 0% result.
| Year | Candidate / contemporary label | Round 1 | Runoff |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1981 ↗ | Georges Marchais · Parti communiste français | 15.35% | Not in runoff |
| 1974 ↗ | François Mitterrand · Parti socialiste, shared Union of the Left candidate · shared endorsement, NOT a separate PCF score | 43.25% | 49.19% |
| 1969 ↗ | Jacques Duclos · Parti communiste français | 21.27% | Not in runoff |
| 1965 ↗ | François Mitterrand · Convention des institutions républicaines, backed by SFIO and PCF · shared endorsement, NOT a separate PCF score | 31.72% | 44.80% |
Historical first-round and runoff shares use valid candidate votes. Broad predecessors and family comparisons are explicitly named. For PS and UMP/LR, the successive percentages document the change without assigning causes or making editorial judgments.
Antoine WaechterLes Verts3.78%1,149,897 votesExplore ＋
Antoine Waechter
Historical ticket: Les Verts.
Names, continuity and current identity
EELV became Les Écologistes in 2023 and incorporated Les Verts in 2010. Earlier independent ecologist candidacies are family comparisons, not results for the same organization. EELV supported Hamon in 2017 without its own candidate. Party history reference ↗
Party identity: Les Écologistes / EELV / Les Verts. The source tables below preserve each historical ticket; a lineage is not a claim that all these organizations were identical.
No active same-person 2027 profile is linked here. This does not imply that the party has no 2027 contender.
Earlier direct presidential elections (up to five)
This table includes up to five earlier direct elections of the Fifth Republic, and fewer when fewer had occurred. 1958’s indirect electoral-college election is documented separately ↗
Newest first, within the Fifth Republic. Shared endorsements are labelled, never treated as separate party votes. “No separate entry” is not a 0% result.
| Year | Candidate / contemporary label | Round 1 | Runoff |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1981 ↗ | Brice Lalonde · Independent ecologist candidacy | 3.88% | Not in runoff |
| 1974 ↗ | René Dumont · Independent ecologist candidacy | 1.32% | Not in runoff |
| 1969 ↗ | No separate entry in this party/lineage series | — | — |
| 1965 ↗ | No separate entry in this party/lineage series | — | — |
Historical first-round and runoff shares use valid candidate votes. Broad predecessors and family comparisons are explicitly named. For PS and UMP/LR, the successive percentages document the change without assigning causes or making editorial judgments.
Pierre JuquinIndependent communist dissident, backed by PSU and LCR2.10%639,133 votesExplore ＋
Pierre Juquin
Historical ticket: Independent communist dissident, backed by PSU and LCR.
Names, continuity and current identity
Juquin’s 1988 dissident candidacy was backed by organizations including PSU and LCR. It is distinct from Lajoinie’s official PCF candidacy. Party history reference ↗
Party identity: Pierre Juquin independent communist candidacy. The source tables below preserve each historical ticket; a lineage is not a claim that all these organizations were identical.
No active same-person 2027 profile is linked here. This does not imply that the party has no 2027 contender.
Earlier direct presidential elections (up to five)
This table includes up to five earlier direct elections of the Fifth Republic, and fewer when fewer had occurred. 1958’s indirect electoral-college election is documented separately ↗
Newest first, within the Fifth Republic. Shared endorsements are labelled, never treated as separate party votes. “No separate entry” is not a 0% result.
| Year | Candidate / contemporary label | Round 1 | Runoff |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1981 ↗ | No separate entry in this party/lineage series | — | — |
| 1974 ↗ | No separate entry in this party/lineage series | — | — |
| 1969 ↗ | No separate entry in this party/lineage series | — | — |
| 1965 ↗ | No separate entry in this party/lineage series | — | — |
Historical first-round and runoff shares use valid candidate votes. Broad predecessors and family comparisons are explicitly named. For PS and UMP/LR, the successive percentages document the change without assigning causes or making editorial judgments.
Arlette LaguillerLutte ouvrière1.99%606,201 votesExplore ＋
Arlette Laguiller
Historical ticket: Lutte ouvrière.
Names, continuity and current identity
Arlette Laguiller and Nathalie Arthaud ran for Lutte ouvrière in different elections. Party history reference ↗
Party identity: Lutte ouvrière. The source tables below preserve each historical ticket; a lineage is not a claim that all these organizations were identical.
No active same-person 2027 profile is linked here. This does not imply that the party has no 2027 contender.
Earlier direct presidential elections (up to five)
This table includes up to five earlier direct elections of the Fifth Republic, and fewer when fewer had occurred. 1958’s indirect electoral-college election is documented separately ↗
Newest first, within the Fifth Republic. Shared endorsements are labelled, never treated as separate party votes. “No separate entry” is not a 0% result.
| Year | Candidate / contemporary label | Round 1 | Runoff |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1981 ↗ | Arlette Laguiller · Lutte ouvrière | 2.30% | Not in runoff |
| 1974 ↗ | Arlette Laguiller · Lutte ouvrière | 2.33% | Not in runoff |
| 1969 ↗ | No separate entry in this party/lineage series | — | — |
| 1965 ↗ | No separate entry in this party/lineage series | — | — |
Historical first-round and runoff shares use valid candidate votes. Broad predecessors and family comparisons are explicitly named. For PS and UMP/LR, the successive percentages document the change without assigning causes or making editorial judgments.
Pierre BousselMouvement pour un parti des travailleurs0.38%116,874 votesExplore ＋
Pierre Boussel
Historical ticket: Mouvement pour un parti des travailleurs.
Names, continuity and current identity
MPPT preceded Parti des travailleurs. This lineage is distinct from LCR/NPA and Lutte ouvrière; Schivardi ran with PT backing. Party history reference ↗
Party identity: MPPT / Parti des travailleurs lineage. The source tables below preserve each historical ticket; a lineage is not a claim that all these organizations were identical.
No active same-person 2027 profile is linked here. This does not imply that the party has no 2027 contender.
Earlier direct presidential elections (up to five)
This table includes up to five earlier direct elections of the Fifth Republic, and fewer when fewer had occurred. 1958’s indirect electoral-college election is documented separately ↗
Newest first, within the Fifth Republic. Shared endorsements are labelled, never treated as separate party votes. “No separate entry” is not a 0% result.
| Year | Candidate / contemporary label | Round 1 | Runoff |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1981 ↗ | No separate entry in this party/lineage series | — | — |
| 1974 ↗ | No separate entry in this party/lineage series | — | — |
| 1969 ↗ | No separate entry in this party/lineage series | — | — |
| 1965 ↗ | No separate entry in this party/lineage series | — | — |
Historical first-round and runoff shares use valid candidate votes. Broad predecessors and family comparisons are explicitly named. For PS and UMP/LR, the successive percentages document the change without assigning causes or making editorial judgments.
Vote blanc: participating without choosing a candidate
A vote blanc is an empty envelope or an envelope containing a blank ballot. It differs from abstention, because the voter participates, and from a vote nul, an invalid ballot.
It can express “I came to vote, but I do not choose any of these candidates.” It is sometimes used as a protest, although the total cannot reveal every voter’s motive.
Votes blancs count toward turnout, not valid candidate votes. Separate counting from invalid ballots began in 2014, so older elections show a combined total. They do not automatically cause another election.
Official explanation ↗Registered: 38,179,118 · Cast: 31,059,300 · Valid: 30,436,734. The historical official return combines votes blancs and invalid ballots; no separate blank-vote percentage is invented.
1988: Constitutional Council final proclamation, 11 May 1988 ↗ · Historical result table ↗Uses the corrected first-round totals annexed to the final proclamation, not the earlier 27 April declaration. The corrected valid-vote total is 30,436,734; the earlier declaration used 30,406,038. Candidate counts and turnout here belong to the corrected version.
02Round 2 · The runoff
How it works ＋
Why a second vote?
No candidate obtained an absolute majority in the first round. The runoff gives voters a choice between the two finalists. First-round votes do not carry over. The winner is determined by valid candidate votes, not a majority of everyone registered.
Votes blancs and invalid ballots count toward participation but not the candidate-vote denominator. These direct elections are distinct from the electoral-college election held in 1958.
8 May 1988
What do shares of registered voters mean?
The usual share divides a candidate’s votes by valid candidate votes. Registered-voter mode divides that same count by everyone registered, including abstainers and people casting a vote blanc or an invalid ballot.
Example: 30 out of 60 valid votes is 50%. If 100 people were registered, those same 30 votes are 30% of the electorate. The count and legal outcome are unchanged.
Click a candidate row or bar to open context. All bars use a 0–100% scale. Candidate percentages use valid candidate votes.
François MitterrandParti socialisteElected president54.02%16,704,279 votesExplore ＋
François Mitterrand
Historical ticket: Parti socialiste.
Names, continuity and current identity
PS succeeded SFIO in 1969. Mitterrand’s 1974 candidacy had broader Union of the Left support. Candidate totals cannot be separated into the votes of each supporting party. The 1965 Mitterrand entry is a CIR-led candidacy backed by SFIO and PCF, not a result for a PS organization that did not yet exist. Party history reference ↗
Party identity: Parti socialiste / SFIO predecessor. The source tables below preserve each historical ticket; a lineage is not a claim that all these organizations were identical.
No active same-person 2027 profile is linked here. This does not imply that the party has no 2027 contender.
Earlier direct presidential elections (up to five)
This table includes up to five earlier direct elections of the Fifth Republic, and fewer when fewer had occurred. 1958’s indirect electoral-college election is documented separately ↗
Newest first, within the Fifth Republic. Shared endorsements are labelled, never treated as separate party votes. “No separate entry” is not a 0% result.
| Year | Candidate / contemporary label | Round 1 | Runoff |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1981 ↗ | François Mitterrand · Parti socialiste | 25.85% | 51.76% |
| 1974 ↗ | François Mitterrand · Parti socialiste, shared Union of the Left candidate | 43.25% | 49.19% |
| 1969 ↗ | Gaston Defferre · Section française de l’Internationale ouvrière | 5.01% | Not in runoff |
| 1965 ↗ | François Mitterrand · Convention des institutions républicaines, backed by SFIO and PCF | 31.72% | 44.80% |
Historical first-round and runoff shares use valid candidate votes. Broad predecessors and family comparisons are explicitly named. For PS and UMP/LR, the successive percentages document the change without assigning causes or making editorial judgments.
Jacques ChiracRassemblement pour la RépubliqueRunoff finalist45.98%14,218,970 votesExplore ＋
Jacques Chirac
Historical ticket: Rassemblement pour la République.
Names, continuity and current identity
UMP was renamed Les Républicains in 2015. UMP was formed in 2002 from RPR and other organizations: earlier RPR and UDR entries are predecessor-lineage comparisons, not an unchanged party. The earlier Gaullist series also includes UNR–UDT in 1965 and UNR support in 1958. These are labelled predecessor organizations, not LR under its present name. Rival RPR members Chirac and Balladur are listed separately in 1995, never added together. Party history reference ↗
Party identity: Les Républicains / UMP / RPR / UDR. The source tables below preserve each historical ticket; a lineage is not a claim that all these organizations were identical.
No active same-person 2027 profile is linked here. This does not imply that the party has no 2027 contender.
Earlier direct presidential elections (up to five)
This table includes up to five earlier direct elections of the Fifth Republic, and fewer when fewer had occurred. 1958’s indirect electoral-college election is documented separately ↗
Newest first, within the Fifth Republic. Shared endorsements are labelled, never treated as separate party votes. “No separate entry” is not a 0% result.
| Year | Candidate / contemporary label | Round 1 | Runoff |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1981 ↗ | Jacques Chirac · Rassemblement pour la République | 18.00% | Not in runoff |
| 1974 ↗ | Jacques Chaban-Delmas · Union des démocrates pour la République | 15.11% | Not in runoff |
| 1969 ↗ | Georges Pompidou · Union des démocrates pour la République | 44.47% | 58.21% |
| 1965 ↗ | Charles de Gaulle · Gaullist candidacy, supported by UNR–UDT | 44.65% | 55.20% |
Historical first-round and runoff shares use valid candidate votes. Broad predecessors and family comparisons are explicitly named. For PS and UMP/LR, the successive percentages document the change without assigning causes or making editorial judgments.
Vote blanc: participating without choosing a candidate
A vote blanc is an empty envelope or an envelope containing a blank ballot. It differs from abstention, because the voter participates, and from a vote nul, an invalid ballot.
It can express “I came to vote, but I do not choose any of these candidates.” It is sometimes used as a protest, although the total cannot reveal every voter’s motive.
Votes blancs count toward turnout, not valid candidate votes. Separate counting from invalid ballots began in 2014, so older elections show a combined total. They do not automatically cause another election.
Official explanation ↗Registered: 38,168,869 · Cast: 32,085,071 · Valid: 30,923,249. The historical official return combines votes blancs and invalid ballots; no separate blank-vote percentage is invented.
1988: Constitutional Council final proclamation, 11 May 1988 ↗ · Historical result table ↗Uses the corrected first-round totals annexed to the final proclamation, not the earlier 27 April declaration. The corrected valid-vote total is 30,436,734; the earlier declaration used 30,406,038. Candidate counts and turnout here belong to the corrected version.
Sources & definitions
The direct-election archive now begins in 1965. The 1958 electoral-college election is separate and excluded from popular-vote comparisons. Counts for pre-2002 pages follow their linked historical proclamations and transcriptions; percentages are recalculated from those counts.
For 1988, the first-round data use the final corrected totals annexed to the 11 May proclamation, rather than the earlier 27 April declaration. Blank and invalid ballots are combined throughout these historical returns.
In 1995, Chirac and Balladur were rival RPR members. Both appear separately on the results page and in lineage histories. A single-line party comparison uses the highest-vote candidate in that labelled lineage, not the sum of both candidacies. This is not a combined party-vote total.
National totals, France entière, from the linked national returns. Pre-2002 pages identify their Constitutional Council proclamations or historical transcriptions. Candidate share = votes ÷ valid candidate votes; turnout = ballots cast ÷ registered voters; vote blanc / invalid percentages = those ballots ÷ ballots cast. Registrations can differ between rounds. Rounded percentages may not sum to 100%.
Before 2014 the published totals combine votes blancs and invalid ballots. Separate blank and invalid series therefore have gaps for 2002, 2007 and 2012. The combined series is comparable across all five elections. Missing party candidacies are gaps, not zero votes.
Colors are stable identifiers, not official political classifications. Rename continuity is distinguished from mergers, predecessors, coalitions and shared endorsements. The old lookbacks reach 1969 and use secondary historical compilations, linked per year; the direct-election pages use their linked national returns and historical transcriptions.
- 2022: National election return ↗
- 2017: National election return ↗
- 2012: National election return ↗
- 2007: National election return ↗
- 2002: National election return ↗
- 1995: Constitutional Council returns, transcribed by Université de Perpignan MJP ↗ · Historical result table ↗Percentages are recalculated from the cited counts, not copied from rounded or truncated percentages in the transcription.
- 1988: Constitutional Council final proclamation, 11 May 1988 ↗ · Historical result table ↗Uses the corrected first-round totals annexed to the final proclamation, not the earlier 27 April declaration. The corrected valid-vote total is 30,436,734; the earlier declaration used 30,406,038. Candidate counts and turnout here belong to the corrected version.
- 1981: Constitutional Council returns, transcribed by Université de Perpignan MJP ↗ · Historical result table ↗Percentages are recalculated from the cited counts, not copied from rounded or truncated percentages in the transcription.
- 1974: Constitutional Council returns, transcribed by Université de Perpignan MJP ↗ · Historical result table ↗Percentages are recalculated from the cited counts, not copied from rounded or truncated percentages in the transcription.
- 1969: Constitutional Council returns, transcribed by Université de Perpignan MJP ↗ · Historical result table ↗Percentages are recalculated from the cited counts, not copied from rounded or truncated percentages in the transcription.
- 1965: Constitutional Council returns, transcribed by Université de Perpignan MJP ↗ · Historical result table ↗Percentages are recalculated from the cited counts, not copied from rounded or truncated percentages in the transcription.
This section presents numerical results and descriptive facts, not critical readings. Comparisons do not identify individual voter transfers or establish the causes of a change.
Teaching and learning
Intended audience: Undergraduate students in French studies, history, political science and related fields; independent adult learners.
Suggested uses: Guided data interpretation, election comparison and evidence-based discussion.
After using this resource, learners should be able to:
- Interpret the election results, turnout figures and ballot statistics presented in this resource.
- Identify the election, round, geographic scope and denominator before comparing figures.
- Distinguish descriptive patterns in the data from claims about individual voting motives.
Use the objectives that correspond to the material available on this page. Collection pages provide entry points to individual resources; unfinished or unavailable material is not a completed learning activity.
Original materials © Dr. Amine Zidouh / French Politics, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 unless otherwise indicated. When sharing or reproducing covered material, credit Dr. Amine Zidouh and French Politics, link to the source and license, and identify changes. Images, protest signs, artworks and other third-party materials are excluded. See Rights, Credits & Educational Reuse for scope, attribution and the as-is disclaimer.